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The new “Make by the Message” and the development of the concept of education of the people in the Song Dynasty
Author: Xiao Fangxiang (Doctor of Law in Nanjing, now a postdoctoral fellow in Philosophy at Yuelu Book Academy in Hunan)
Source: Author Author Authorization Confucian Network Published
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【Abstract】: “You can get it by it, but you can’t get it to know it” is the method of managing the people expressed by Confucius. In the Han Tang Dynasty, this is a practical method of governance based on the judgment of “the common people cannot be able to know”, and there is a theoretical conflict between the domineering political management idea and humanitarian theory advocated by Confucianism. In this regard, on the one hand, the Confucian Confucians of Song came into being from the perspective of the educated and implemented benevolence, believing that “to make knowledge” is for political parties not to ask for help to the people, but is a kindness and benevolence for the people, and thus strives to establish the compatibility of this kind of people’s management method and Confucian thinking on moral governance and tyranny; on the other hand, the Confucian Confucians of Song relied on Its rational thinking defines the relationship between “common” and “knowledge” from the head, and then goes beyond the Han Tang judgment on “common cannot be able to know”, pointing out that the people have the potential to know. As for “not being able to make it known”, it is due to the infinity of the sage’s education rather than the infinity of the people’s cognitive talents. From this kind of infinity, the Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty reduced the scope of people’s education and believed that “knowing” was not the task of the sages to educate the people, and this was up to the people to know themselves. The Confucian Song Dynasty not only established a domineering basis for this method of management of the people, but also established a fair boundary for it, and also laid the theoretical foundation for the Ming Dynasty’s educational practice of “perception of the way of learning” in the mind.
Keywords:Song Dynasty; the people are educated; the people are educated; the people are educated; the people are educated; they think that the people are practicing the way
The “People can be used to do so, but they are not allowed to know” in “Theory” expresses the management methods of the rulers of Confucius’s structure. However, due to the ambiguity of its language, the academic community has shown a relatively large difference when it points out the meaning of “the common people can make it through it, but not to make it known”, which has formed several explanation methods such as “fool” “the common people say”, “the common people say”, and “educational words”. [1] With the unearth of Guodian Zhuan, the original face of “enlightenment by instructing” in the pre-Qin period was gradually clarified. With the help of the bamboo data of “comprehensiveness can be used to tell it, but not to be used to wisdom”, the scholars determined that this thought in the pre-Qin period was the “comprehensiveness” [3] (management) method of governors to impart moral education to the common people, and specifically presented it as a person’s teaching. [4]
The academic community has mostly discussed the study of “the common people can make it through, but not to make it clear”.Although it is certain and stable, it lacks a dynamic consideration when analyzing its meaning from the perspective of learning and language. These discussions focus on the original meaning and original context of “making knowledge”, but do not pay attention to the development and changes in the people’s management methods they express in the era of divergent. This change is related to the construction of Confucian political management concepts related to “people’s education” and also to the Confucian cognitive transformation of “common”. It can be said that the change of the verbal changes in the era of “making knowledge” in the divergent era is closely related to the Confucian thinking landscape of that era. Therefore, this article will develop from the perspective of thinking dynamic development, namely the field of history, and evaluate the new light of “the common people can make it through it, but not know it” in Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, and thus point out the new development of the Confucian people’s education concept in the Song Dynasty.
1. Domineering education
“You can get to know it without knowing it” is the method of the people expressed by Confucius. Public Rights pointed out that Confucius’s treatment includes three aspects: nourishing, teaching and teaching. The things that nourish and teaching are “virtue” and “gift”, while the things that govern people are “politics” and “punishment”. Therefore, according to the political thinking of Confucian moral governance of tyranny, the methods of managing the people are nothing more than teaching and nourishing the people. [5](P69-92) In the Han Tang Dynasty, “to make knowledge” is important to govern people, which means light and foolish people, which is inconsistent with Confucian political management. Confucianism in the Song Dynasty placed “instruction by knowledge” in the ideological connection of Confucian moral tyranny, believing that this was a fantasy and domineering management method, and was the benevolent and loving heart of the rulers for the people. This not only reverses the foolish statement, but also points out that “making knowledge by making knowledge” has the dual meaning of teaching and nourishing.
Since the Tang Dynasty, the key to “the common people can make it easier to make it easier to make it easier to make it easier to make it more clear”, there are two important forms:
(1) It is used. Those who can be used without being able to know will be able to use it every day but cannot be able to know it. (He Yan)[6](P147)
This is the profound and far-reaching way today, and it is not known to human nature. For example, use. The way of Yuanheng’s new day is born with the birth of daily use, so it is said that “can be used to it.” But even though I use it every day but don’t know the reason, it is said that “it’s impossible to know it.” (Huang Kan)[7](P193-194)
(2) It comes from. When it comes to the king’s teachings, people can follow it. If everyone knows the root of it, the fool may be light and not. (Zheng Xuan)[8](P2705)
(1 said panically: “Do you want to drink some hot water? I’ll burn it.”) It was He Yan’s “There is a daily use but not enough to know”. When analyzing “the means of being able to make knowledge” from the perspective that the people can’t get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to get enough to make the words of He Yan, and then pointed out that what the people cannot get enough to know is the “way of heaven”. This actually confessed that the rulers adopted the “entry to be known by the people””The management method is a suitable method adopted based on the actual knowledge ability of the people. (2) Zheng Xuan developed it from the usefulness of politics and religion, pointing out that the king established politics and religion and did not let the people know the truth, so that the people could serve politics and religion, and act according to politics and religion.
The Han Tang Dynasty’s suggestion is based on the degree of knowledge of the people or the actual purpose of the king’s educationInclusive contracts tags are regarded as “making knowledge” as a method of political education and governance, and they all value the behavior of the people. This method of governing the people with emphasis on knowledge will lead to disputes between light and fools, and will conflict with the political management idea of moral governance and tyranny advocated by Confucianism. Therefore, how to resolve the contradiction between “the common people can make it happen but not knowing it” and the Confucian moral management idea is BreedingSong Ru is in The theoretical problem that needs to be responded when “to make knowledge”. [9]
The solution of Confucian Song Dynasty was to introduce the ideological structure of Confucian moral governance and tyranny from the perspective of educators. The Confucian Song Dynasty explored why this method of educating people should be adopted for the people, pointing out that “to make knowledge” is the responsibility of educators. The moral e
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